FIU Libraries: Race, Gender, and Science in the Atlantic World: Primary Sources

It is important to distinguish between primary and secondary source material. On this page, you will find a brief guide to understanding the differences between these two types of sources and where to find both primary and secondary materials in the library.

Race, Gender, and Science Primary Source Databases

History Commons This link opens in a new window
Historical periodicals and books; Eyewitness accounts of historical events, vivid descriptions of daily life, editorial observations, commerce as seen through advertisements, and genealogical records are available in an online environment.
American Indian Experience: The American Mosaic This link opens in a new window
Historical accounts and cultural information about the indigenous peoples of North America; Includes reference content, primary source documents, images, videos, maps, chronologies, and more.
Latino American Experience: The American Mosaic This link opens in a new window
Resource dedicated to the history and culture of Latinos; Includes primary source documents like maps, images, audio clips, interviews, music files, speeches, documents, links to relevant websites and other material.
Slavery and Anti-Slavery : A Transnational Archive This link opens in a new window
A historical archive of historical books, legal documents, portraits, maps, manuscripts, pamphlets, newspapers and periodicals archive on the history of slavery the scholarly study of slavery in a comprehensive, conceptual and global way; FIU has access to part I: Debates over Slavery and Abolition, part II: Slave Trade in the Atlantic World, part III: The Institution of Slavery, and part IV: The Age of Emancipation.
War Department and Indian Affairs, 1800-1824 This link opens in a new window
1800-1824; This collection consists of the letters received by and letters sent to the War Department, including correspondence from Indian superintendents and agents, factors of trading posts, Territorial and State governors, military commanders, Indians, missionaries, treaty and other commissioners, Treasury Department officials, and persons having commercial dealings with the War Department, and other public and private individuals.
Black Freedom Struggle in the United States This link opens in a new window
Black Freedom Struggle in the United States contains approximately 1,600 documents focused on six different phases of Black Freedom: Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement (1790-1860), The Civil War and the Reconstruction Era (1861-1877), Jim Crow Era from 1878 to the Great Depression (1878-1932), The New Deal and World War II (1933-1945), The Civil Rights and Black Power Movements (1946-1975), and The Contemporary Era (1976-2000).

History Commons This link opens in a new window
Historical periodicals and books; Eyewitness accounts of historical events, vivid descriptions of daily life, editorial observations, commerce as seen through advertisements, and genealogical records are available in an online environment.
Defining Gender, 1450-1910 This link opens in a new window
Digital collection of primary source materials including ephemera, pamphlets, commonplace books, diaries, periodicals, letters, ledgers, manuscript journals, poetry, receipt books and conduct and advice literature; Many of the pieces are accompanied by essays or editorials.
Feminism in Cuba: Nineteenth through Twentieth Century Archival Documents This link opens in a new window
1898-1958; This collection, compiled from Cuban sources, spans the period from Cuban independence to the end of the Batista regime; The collection sheds light on Cuban feminism, women in politics, literature by Cuban women and the legal status of Cuban women.
Godeys Ladys Book (Accessible Archives) This link opens in a new window
The magazine was intended to entertain, inform and educate the women of America; In addition to extensive fashion descriptions and plates, the early issues included biographical sketches, articles about mineralogy, handcrafts, female costume, the dance, equestrienne procedures, health and hygiene, recipes and remedies and the like.
Smithsonian Institution Flickr Commons: Photographs of Women This link opens in a new window
Explore and download images from a Smithsonian photostream on Flickr featuring historic photographs related to Womens History.
Witchcraft in Europe & America This link opens in a new window
The earliest texts in this comprehensive collection on witchcraft date from the 15th century and the latest are from the early 20th century; The majority of the material concerns the 16th to 18th centuries, the collection includes anti-persecution writings, works by penologists, legal and church documents, exposs of persecutions, and philosophical writings and transcripts of trials and exorcisms.

About Scientific Primary Sources

Health Sciences: in the context of health sciences research, a primary source is an article about a study written by the researchers who conducted the study. Look for sections labeled "Methods," "Results," etc. and use of first-person pronouns ("I" or "we"). Not every primary source will contain these sections/pronouns, and non-primary sources may use them as well, but you can use these sections/pronouns as general guidelines. For more information, see the FIU Libraries' Primary Sources guide and the American Journal of Nursing's Primary and Secondary Sources guide (.doc).¹

Biology: research or lab notes, genetic evidence, plant specimens, technical reports, and other reports of original research or discoveries (e.g., conference papers and proceedings, dissertations, scholarly articles).

1. Barbara Sorondo, Info.: Terms to Know

ASSIA : Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts This link opens in a new window
Health services, social work, sociology and psychology - journal articles;This database spans the literature of health, social services, psychology, sociology, economics, politics, race relations and education.
CINAHL Ultimate This link opens in a new window
The largest collection of leading nursing and allied health literature. CINAHL Ultimate is the definitive database for nursing and allied health research offering full-text access to the most frequently cited journals.
Nature Online + Archive This link opens in a new window
Access to 13 titles: EMBO Reports, EMBO Journal, Nature, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Genetics, Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Heredity, International Journal of Obesity, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Spinal Cord.
PsycINFO This link opens in a new window
Indexes 2,300+ international scholarly journals, books, book chapters, reports and other publications in psychology and related disciplines; Many records, added to the database since 1998, also include the references cited in the bibliography of the source article.
PubMed This link opens in a new window
Indexes 5,160+ international scholarly journals in medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and the pre-clinical sciences.
Web of Science Core Collection This link opens in a new window
Coverage starts 1977; Literature in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities and examine proceedings of international conferences, symposia, seminars, colloquia, workshops, and conventions; Core Collection includes the following resources: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science,
Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities, Book Citation Index Science, Book Citation Index Social Sciences & Humanities, Emerging Sources Citation Index, Current Chemical Reactions, Index Chemicus.

This database includes an AI component (like a Research Assistant) that employs a large language model (LLM) to interpret user queries and respond using a curated collection of proprietary materials.

American Newspapers

African American Newspapers (Accessible Archives) This link opens in a new window
Contains information about cultural life and history during the 1800s with first-hand reports of the major events and issues of the day, including the Mexican War, Presidential and Congressional addresses, Congressional abstracts, business and commodity markets, the humanities, world travel and religion; The collection also provides a number of early biographies, vital statistics, essays and editorials, poetry and prose, and advertisements all of which embody the African-American experience.
African American Newspapers [1827-1998] This link opens in a new window
Provides online access to approximately 270 U.S. newspapers chronicling a century and a half of the African American experience. Features papers from more than 35 statesincluding many rare and historically significant 19th century titles.
America's Historical Newspapers This link opens in a new window
Includes Early American Newspapers Series 1, 1690-1876; African American Newspapers, 1827-1998 and Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980 ; Full text articles, advertisements, shipping news, prices; birth, matrimony and death notices; letters, election returns, legislative acts from more than 1,000 U.S. historical newspapers, including titles from all 50 states.
Chronicling America : Historic American Newspapers This link opens in a new window
Search America's historic newspapers pages from 1836-1922 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present.
Early American Newspapers, Series I, 1690-1876 This link opens in a new window
Part of America's Historical Newspapers; FIU has access to Early American Newspapers, Series 1, 1690-1876; Full text articles, advertisements, shipping news, prices; birth, matrimony and death notices; letters, election returns, legislative acts from more than 1,000 U.S. historical newspapers, including titles from all 50 states.
Hispanic American Newspapers [1808-1980] This link opens in a new window
Compilation of Spanish-language newspapers printed in the U.S. during the 19th and 20th centuries; Features hundreds of Hispanic American newspapers, including many long scattered and forgotten titles published in the 19th century

Chicago Tribune Historical [1849 - 1992] This link opens in a new window
This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time.
El Nuevo Herald / Nuevo Herald This link opens in a new window
Includes historical digital archive; Published daily in Spanish in Southeast Florida, in Florida, the United States; El Nuevo Herald's sister paper is the Miami Herald
Los Angeles Times Historical [1881-1992] This link opens in a new window
This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time.
Los Angeles Times [1985 - present] This link opens in a new window
Contains citations, abstracts, and full-text articles from the Los Angeles Times.
Miami Herald 1911 - present This link opens in a new window
Includes the digitized historical archive; Articles from the Miami Herald including the following sections: Tropic, Business Monday, Food, Friday Weekend, and the regional editions of Neighbors. Please note, a digitization project is underway to fill the 1951-1982 gap.
New York Times, Historical [1851 - 2014] This link opens in a new window
Full-text digital archive of articles from the New York Times.
New York Times [1980 - present] This link opens in a new window
Contains citations, abstracts, and full-text articles from the New York Times.

Pennsylvania Gazette, The This link opens in a new window
One of the United States most prominent newspapers from 1728before the time period of the American Revolutionuntil 1800.
Pennsylvania Newspaper Record: Delaware County This link opens in a new window
This database documents the move to industrialization from a predominantly agrarian culture established by Quaker farmers in the 18th century.
South Carolina Newspapers This link opens in a new window
This collection contains a wealth of information on colonial and early American History and genealogy, and provides an accurate glimpse of life in South Carolina and America, with additional coverage of events in Europe, during the early days of this country.
Virginia Gazette, The This link opens in a new window
The first newspaper published in Virginia and the first to be published in the area south of the Potomac River in the colonial period of the United States; Issues have the following subtitle: Containing the freshest advices, foreign and domestick.

Empire Studies Newspapers

American Antiquarian Society This link opens in a new window
A collection of fifty (50) databases from the American Antiquarian Society. These collections include agricultural, medical, scientific, literary, cultural, advertising, business, student, military, colonial, religious, economic, musical, and women's periodicals.
Databases included: Agricultural Periodicals from the Northeastern U.S., 1789-1879, Agricultural Periodicals from the Southern, Midwestern, and Western U.S., 1800-1878, Commercial Periodicals from the Southern U.S., 1811-1877, American Medicine, Surgery, Dentistry Periodicals, 1786-1877, Scientific Periodicals, 1771-1901, American Literary Periodicals, 1782-1834, American Literary Periodicals, 1835-1858, American Literary Periodicals, 1859-1891, Cultural Periodicals from the Southern U.S., 1797-1877, Drama, Humor, and Fine Arts Periodicals, 1764-1877, Fireside Companions and Family Literature Periodicals, 1805-1877, Literary Periodicals of New England, 1789-1878, Story Papers, Dimes and Dollar Periodicals, 1828-1877, Advertising Periodicals, 1815-1888, Business and General Education Periodicals, 1800-1885, Business, Industrial and Professional Periodicals, 1774-1858, Business, Industrial and Professional Periodicals, 1859-1870, Business, Industrial and Professional Periodicals, 1871-1901, College and Student Periodicals, 1806-1877, Military and Law Enforcement Periodicals, 1691-1877, Periodicals from Around the World, 1691-1880, Periodicals of the American West, 1779-1881, Periodicals of the British Empire and Its Colonies, 1702-1879, Slavery and Abolition, 1789-1887, Musical Periodicals, 1781-1879, Alternative Faith and Philosophy Periodicals, 1789-1878, Baptists, Quakers, and Independent Church Periodicals, 1797-1881, Catholic, Lutheran, Methodist, and Episcopal Periodicals, 1797-1904, Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed Church Periodicals, 1803-1902, Emerging American Religions, 1821-1895, General Interest Christian Periodicals, 1743-1889, Missionary and Charity Periodicals, 1793-1902, Religious Periodicals for Women, Children, and Families, 1804-1878, Religious Periodicals from the Southern U.S., 1801-1904, Sunday School Periodicals, 1818-1885, Temperance in America, 1826-1877, Theology and Biblical Studies Periodicals, 1760-1877, Women's Periodicals of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century, 1733-1844, Women's Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century, 1845-1865, Women's Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century, 1866-1891
Caribbean Newspapers, 1718-1876 This link opens in a new window
Fully searchable 18th- and 19th-century Caribbean newspapers; More than 140 titles from 22 islands; Covers topics on colonial history, the Atlantic slave trade, international commerce, New World slavery and related topics.
Sabin Americana, 1500-1926 This link opens in a new window
Online collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s; Covers the areas of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more.
South Carolina Newspapers This link opens in a new window
This collection contains a wealth of information on colonial and early American History and genealogy, and provides an accurate glimpse of life in South Carolina and America, with additional coverage of events in Europe, during the early days of this country.
Virginia Gazette, The This link opens in a new window
The first newspaper published in Virginia and the first to be published in the area south of the Potomac River in the colonial period of the United States; Issues have the following subtitle: Containing the freshest advices, foreign and domestick.

Floor		Resources
One		Center for Academic Success: University Learning/Testing Center Electronic Classroom Broadcast Video Productions Resource for Education Technology UTS - Media Equipment Services Distance Learning Electronic Classroom Instructional Photography & Graphics
Two		Information & Research Services Curriculum & Juvenile Collection LACiC - Latin American and Caribbean Center Government Documents GIS-RS Center & Teaching Lab Maps & Imagery User Statistics
Three		Periodicals & Newspapers Laptop Lounge Honors College Student Resource Center College of Medicine Library Copiers Systems
Four		College of Medicine Special Collections & Archivese Academic Space Management School of Social Work Study Area
Five		Audiovisual Collection Diaz Ayala Collection Architecture and Fine Arts (General Collection and Periodical Section N) Music (General Collection and Periodical Section M) Music Listening Room Music CAI Center Spanish Resource Center Group Study Rooms
Six		Quiet Study Space Group Study Rooms General Collection HJ-L & P-Z Oversized Books
Seven		General Collection A-HG Quiet Study Floor Group Study Rooms
Eight		Library Administration Collection Management Digital Collections Center

Floor		Resources
One		Circulation Course Reserves Intercampus/Interlibrary Loan Information and Research Services Center for Excellence in Writing Communication Arts Studio Computer Labs/Copiers
Two		Microforms Periodicals Juvenile Collection Oversize Collection Video Collection Government Documents Reference Workroom Reference Collection Copiers
Three		General Collection, A-Z Library Administration

Race, Gender, and Science in the Atlantic World

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